Living with Parkinson’s Disease: Understanding the Condition and the Role of Home-Based Allied Health Support

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement but can also impact mood, cognition, and daily functioning. It is estimated that more than 100,000 Australians are living with Parkinson’s, and many require comprehensive, long-term care tailored to their unique needs. Living with Parkinson’s, especially at home, can be challenging—but with the right support, individuals can maintain independence and quality of life for as long as possible.

Types and Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. While the classic form is idiopathic Parkinson’s, there are other types as well:

• Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease – the most common, with no identifiable cause.
• Secondary Parkinsonism – caused by medications, toxins, or underlying conditions.
• Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes – including conditions like Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), which progress more rapidly and present additional challenges.

Common motor symptoms include:

• Tremors (often starting in the hands)
• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
• Muscle stiffness or rigidity
• Postural instability and balance problems

Non-motor symptoms can include:

• Depression and anxiety
• Sleep disturbances
• Cognitive changes
• Speech and swallowing difficulties
• Fatigue and autonomic dysfunction (e.g., blood pressure or bladder issues)

The Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s progresses over time, typically classified into five stages:

1. Stage 1 – Mild symptoms, typically on one side of the body; little to no impact on daily life.
2. Stage 2 – Symptoms affect both sides of the body; daily activities may require more time but can still be completed independently.
3. Stage 3 – Balance and mobility issues become more pronounced; higher fall risk and increasing need for assistance.
4. Stage 4 – Significant difficulty walking and performing tasks; often requires substantial help.
5. Stage 5 – Severe disability; often wheelchair-bound or bedridden; full-time care is usually necessary.

Challenges of Parkinson’s at Home

For individuals with Parkinson’s, staying at home can become increasingly difficult as the disease progresses. Simple tasks such as getting out of bed, preparing meals, or moving around safely can become overwhelming. Home environments may pose fall risks, and symptoms like freezing of gait or muscle rigidity can make independent living challenging. Emotional and cognitive changes also affect relationships, self-esteem, and quality of life.

This is where a home-based, multidisciplinary allied health team becomes invaluable.

How Allied Health Professionals Can Help

Physiotherapy

Home-based physiotherapists work to improve mobility, strength, and balance, helping individuals stay active and reduce the risk of falls. Techniques such as gait training, cueing strategies (to manage freezing), and stretching programs can significantly improve functional mobility and confidence. Physiotherapy also supports breathing and posture—essential for those in later stages.

Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapists (OTs) help individuals adapt their environment and routines to maintain independence. This might include home modifications like grab rails, mobility aids, and bathroom adjustments. OTs also teach energy conservation techniques and support clients in managing daily activities such as dressing, grooming, and meal preparation. For clients with cognitive changes, they provide strategies to support memory and executive functioning.

Exercise Physiology

A home-based exercise physiologist designs safe and structured exercise programs to improve cardiovascular health, strength, flexibility, and mental well-being. For individuals with Parkinson’s, regular physical activity has been shown to slow progression and improve neuroplasticity. Tailored programs can boost endurance and help manage fatigue and depression.

Remedial Massage Therapy

Remedial massage therapists can help reduce muscle rigidity, relieve stiffness, and promote circulation. Regular massage sessions may also alleviate stress and anxiety, improve sleep, and offer meaningful human connection. It’s a gentle but powerful tool in managing the discomforts of Parkinson’s.

A Holistic, Home-Based Approach

Managing Parkinson’s disease is not just about treating symptoms—it's about maintaining dignity, independence, and connection. Home-based care ensures that individuals receive therapy in the most comfortable and accessible setting, tailored to their personal needs and pace. It also reduces the burden of travel, enhances continuity of care, and enables closer collaboration with family members and carers.